The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the. Amnesty refers to a general pardon of offence by government or. In the niger delta, due to its oil rich region has a lot of pollution resulting from various human activities. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger. The work shows that conflicts in the niger delta are precipitated by agelong animosities arising from land disputes, territorial claims, chieftancy tussles and demand for political autonomy fueled in the contemporary moment by petrocapitalism petrorelations and blurred by the spoils of oil. The niger enters the country from the northwest, the benue from the northeast. Pdf ecosystem of the niger delta region of nigeria.
Procedia engineering 212 2018 1054a1061 18777058 a 2018 the authors. The capital of nigeria is abuja which is located at the centre of nigeria. This course pdfsharp example code will give you an introduction to the nature of the physical. Blood oil in the niger delta united states institute of peace. Rainfall seasonality in the niger delta belt, nigeria. Effects of hydrocarbon pollution on local economy a thesis approved by the faculty of environmental sciences and process engineering at the brandenburg university of technology cottbus in partial. What makes the nigers inland delta an unusual physical feature. Generally, sediments belonging to the benin group represent the subaerially exposed part of the delta fig.
The area around this coastline is interrupted by series of estuaries that form the niger delta swamp at the middle where the lower niger river system drains the waters of rivers niger and benue into the atlantic ocean. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin. Physical geography of west africa the 8 million square kilometers and 17 countries covered by this atlas encompass a wide range of landscapes from alluvial valleys in senegal and ghana, sandy plains and low plateaus across the sahel, and rolling hills of togo to rugged mountains with summits reaching over 1,500 m in guinea and 1,800 m in niger. This study surveyed the tourist attractions and activities in selected coastal destinations in niger delta region of nigeria using information. Currently most cargo companies except maersk use manual bills of lading. Nigeria has many rolling rivers such as the niger river delta and estuary that cross the rivers. Nigeria shares borders with cameroon 1,690 kilometers in the east, niger 1,497 kilometers in the north, benin 773 kilometers in the west, and chad 87 kilometers.
Niger delta region, more than any other part of nigeria. Niger delta which is the bulk of crude oil reserves in the nation has over the years come under severe misinterpretation from several folks in nigeria. Land, streams and creeks are totally and continually polluted, the atmosphere is forever charged with hydrocarbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The conferees also enunciated the principle, known as the dual mandate, that the interests of both europe and. Previous understandings included two stations namely port harcourt and warri. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. Mar 27, 2017 the delicate nature and abundant endowment of the niger delta mangrove swamp and freshwater ecosystem contrasts against the background of wanton pollution and degradation of the freshwater ecosystem in the region by a variety of sources ranging from oil spills, dredging, dumping of toxic wastes, seismic activities and waste water disposal into freshwater bodies in the region. The stations are too few to make adequate generalization for a large area like the niger delta that covered over 29,100 km 2 ogunkoya and efi, 2003. Within a matter of days close to one third of national output was shutin. Chapter 5 section 1 geography of africa flashcards. Paleogeography, paleobiogeography and the history of. The niger delta has been defined for a variety of political, ecological and geological purposes, but the conventional geographical perimeter extends from the.
The niger delta flashcards in a level and ib geography. Niger delta is endowed with many coastal attractions which are yet to be fully harnessed to stabilize its environment both economically and socially. Mountains to the rivers volatile delta in nigeria, the niger river africas. Geothermal energy is environmentally friendly, clean and. Niger s history begins with the expansion of the songhai empire in the 15th century.
The devastating effects of environmental degradation a. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. The nigerdelta has suffered the degradation effects of oil exploration and exploitation. These rivers play a big role in farming,bathing and survival for the people that live in the regions of nigeria. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. The company name changed to the national africa company which in 1886 was granted a royal charter equivalent of incorporation at the time authorizing the company to administer the niger delta and the country on the banks of the benue and niger rivers. Nigerias primary natural resources consist of natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, and zinc. Curse of the black gold, hope, and betrayal on the niger delta february 2007. Oil exploration and poverty in the niger delta region of. Niger delta by 1 while 3 reported a geothermal gradient range of 1. Apr 10, 2019 formation of river deltas the formation of a river delta is a slow process. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The niger delta is a vast lowlying region through which the waters of the niger river drain into the gulf of guinea. Characteristic landforms in this region include oxbow lakes, river meander belts see meander, and prominent levees. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. Oil exploration and security challenges in the nigerdelta. Journal of geography, environment and earth science international 43. Nigeria is located in west africa on the gulf of guinea between benin and cameroon. Niger delta is home to a fullygrown local insurgency.
Officially the republic of niger, this landlocked country of western africa is nearly completely covered by the saharan desert. It has been argued that the oil producing areas of this region suffer. The present study is an attempt at filling the gap created by inadequate literature. The niger delta basin occupies the gulf of guinea continental margin in equatorial. This brief explores regional inequality in nigeria, focussing specifically on the. The rainfall ranges from 2000 millimeters in the southern coastal zone to 500 750 millimeters in the north. Its geographic coordinates are longitude 16n and latitude 8e. Niger delta geographical region, africa britannica.
Undp project document niger delta biodiversity project. What makes the niger s inland delta an unusual physical feature. Nigeria has an area of 923,768 square kilometers, including about,000 square kilometers of water. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the. Geography of river deltas formation and importance. This delicate mangrove swamp of the niger delta covers a coastline of 560 km 2. Niger delta region is the geographical heart of crude oil exploration in nigeria from where the nation earns up to 99.
It tends to monotony in its features, is intersected by numerous depressions, and is dominated by arid highlands in the north. However, the research gives a concise and historical view of niger delta region, which dispassionately and scholarly the. Many villages experienced the internal quaking of the wrath of gas flames. Niger is a landlocked nation in west africa located along the border between the sahara and subsaharan regions. Outside of benin, the niger delta was a collection of regions controlled by different tribes and kings, for example, urhobo, delta igbos, isoko, itsekiri, oron and ijaw note that the ijaw have always been the ethnic majority group in the delta. The niger delta is a vast lowlying region through which the waters of. The first began with a marine incursion in the middle cretaceous and was terminated by a mild folding phase in santonian time. Little is known of nigers prehistory, although humans have lived in the region for nearly 23. Physical geography of nigeria pdf css 108 geography of nigeria is a first semester, 100level, threecredit. Water pollution mba 1996 identified the major sources of water pollution in nigeria to include industrial plants, decomposed waste, solid mineral mining activities as well as petroleum mining operations.
In the ongoing debates about the niger delta region of nigeria, significant emphasis has been placed on the devastation of the environment by oil and gas exploration which has resulted to excruciating poverty. The niger delta region of nigeria has recently been known for a spate of violence and unrest, which lead the federal government of nigerias decision in formulating a regional development master. The niger delta basin, also referred to as the niger delta province, is an extensional rift basin located in the niger delta and the gulf of guinea on the passive continental margin near the western coast of nigeria with suspected or proven access to cameroon, equatorial guinea and sao tome and principe. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l. Delta, to the niger delta, the greatest opportunities will come from. Geography notes kcse form 3 topics form 3 geography syllabus. Whereas existing literatures engages with the niger delta as a. As rivers flow toward their outlets from higher elevations, they deposit mud, silt, sand, and gravel particles at the mouths where rivers and larger, more sedentary bodies of water meet. Instead, the present work draws inspiration from the political geography of the niger delta, and puts the physical area at the center of its analysis. As geography the energy issue oil in the niger delta. The geographic focus of the project is on the four core nigerian.
Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta john onwuteaka 1 1department of applied and environmental biology, rivers state university of science and. Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on. Pdf gender, sustainable peace and development in niger. Nigeria has borders with niger to the north, chad across lake chad to the northeast, cameroon to the east and benin to the west. The region is the 3 rd largest producer of palm, after malaysia and indonesia and the largest producer of cassava. Pdf the causes of environmental degradation and biodiversity depletion arising from the activities of the oil industry. Formation of river deltas the formation of a river delta is a slow process.
Evaluation of the impacts of oil spill disaster on communities and its influence on restiveness in niger delta, nigeria. The highest point of the country, mont idoukalntaghes at 6,633 ft 2,022 m, is located in the south central region of the air mountains. The understanding that the past and present history of a people is etched in their sociopolitical geography inspires this focus. In late 2005, a new and well organized militant group the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend exploded out of the creeks of the western delta promising to close down the oil industry watts 2005. In the lower part of the country 2% of the land is covered with forests and woodlands. Oil exploration in the region and its attendant abuse on the environment has been more conspicuous in recent time. In northern niger, the air mountains punctuate the sahara desert with a series of nine massifs.
The major occupation of people in the region is fishing and agriculture and the region is abundantly blessed in this respect. Certainly, the niger delta stands at the crossroads of contemporary nigerian politics. Potentials and threats find, read and cite all the research you need on. According to ikporukpo, 2000, 98% of the transportation of crude oil in nigeria, take place within the niger delta region because of the numerous oil fields, flow stations and terminals, through which crude oil flows. The rebel group in nigerias oilproducing region, the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta, declared a ceasefire in september. The broad, mostly level valleys of the niger and benue rivers form nigerias largest physical region. It is hundreds of miles from the coast, but looks like a river the flows into the sea.
Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management in the niger delta region of nigeria. As a sedimentary basin, the niger delta en compasses a region that is much larger than the geographical extent of the modern delta constructed. Phd dissertation sustainable environmental management. The countrys topography and vegetation vary considerably. For the niger delta describe and explain how the exploitation of a named energy source has brought both benefits and problemsa. In 1885 at the berlin conference, the european powers attempted to resolve their conflicts of interest in africa by allotting areas of exploitation. In nigeria the petroleum industry is booming because of the rich oil that comes out of the beautiful land. This basin is very complex, and it carries high economic value as it contains a very. Oil exploration, security challenges, niger delta, environmental problems, and oil spillages. Geography, climate and vegetation embassy of nigeria, beirut. Pdf on jul 26, 2018, sylvester chibueze izah and others published ecosystem of the niger delta region of nigeria. Geography notes form 3 free download kcse revision. In northern niger, the air mountains punctuate the.
Delta, core delta, geographical definition of niger delta, definition of. Since the insurgency broke out in 2004, nigerias oil production has been significantly reduced, from about 2. Start studying as geography the energy issue oil in the niger delta case study exploitation of energy and opportunities. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and. Nigers history begins with the expansion of the songhai empire in. The niger delta, which stretches for nearly 150 miles 240 km from north to south and spreads along the coast for about 200 miles 320 km, extends over an area of 14,000 square miles 36,000 square km. Within the delta the river breaks up into an in nigeria. Chapter 5 section 1 geography of africa flashcards quizlet. Rainfall increases as one proceeds southward so that the country divides naturally into three distinct. The third longest river in africa, the niger river, runs in a crescent from the guinea highlands through mali, and makes up part of the benin niger border. Little is known of niger s prehistory, although humans have lived in the region for nearly 23. Even with the growth of oilrevenues to the delta states now standing at % the region remains desperately poor, and it is the deepening material and political grievances. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta 141.
Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. The coastal sedimentary basin of nigeria has been the scene of three depositional cycles. Regional inequality and the niger delta overseas development. Bight of biafra lake chad n i g e r d e l t a gulf of guinea bight of benin federal capital territory benue portonovo ndjamena lere diffa banyo foumban goure ngaoundere. The niger basin has an area of 584 193 km2 within the country. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Niger extends for about 750 miles 1,200 km from north to south and about 930 miles 1,460 km from east to west. About 25% of total spills in niger delta between 1976 and 1999 was in.
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